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AMAX Stereo Chipset
The MC13027 and MC13122 have been specifically designed for AM radio which can meet the EIA/NAB AMAX requirements. They are essentially the same as the MC13022A and MC13025 with the addition of noise blanking circuitry. The noise blanker consists of a wide band amplifier with an RF switch for blanking ahead the IF amplifier and a stereo audio blanker with adjustable delay and blanking times. * Operating Voltage Range of 6.0 V to 10 V
MC13027 MC13122
AMAX STEREO IC CHIPSET
* * * * * * * * * * * *
MC13027
RF Blanker with Built-In Wide Band AGC Amplifier Audio Noise Blanker with Audio Track and Hold Mixer Third Order Intercept of 8.0 dBm (115 dBV) Wide Band AGC Detector for RF Amplifier Local Oscillator VCO Divide-by-4 for Better Phase Noise Buffered Local Oscillator Output at the Fundamental Frequency Fast Stereo Decoder Lock Soft Stereo Blend Signal Quality Detector to Control Variable Q-Notch Filters for Adaptive Audio Bandwidth and Whistle Reduction Signal Quality Detector for AM Stereo Very Low Distortion Envelope and Synchronous Detectors Variable Bandwidth IF ORDERING INFORMATION
Device MC13027DW MC13027P MC13122DW MC13122P TA = -40 to +85C 40 85C Operating Temperature Range Package SO-20L Plastic DIP SO-28L Plastic DIP
28 1 28 1 20 1 20 1
P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 738
DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D (SO-20L)
MC13122
P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 710
DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751F (SO-28L)
Functional Block Diagram
To Synthesizer Oscillator Buffer RF Input
Osc Tank AGC Input
Voltage Controlled Oscillator Wide Band AGC
/4 AGC Output
450 kHz IF Mixer IF Amplifier RF Blanking Shunt Switch IF Amplifier AGC Fast AGC Control Decoder R 450 kHz Blend cos Fast Lock Pilot Control Detector Q Stereo Indicator Lamp Fast/ Slow Pulse Delay Timer Pulse Length Timer I Signal Level Yes/No Signal Quality Detector Stop-Sense RF AGC Meter Drive Audio Blanking L
Track & Hold
Post Detector Filter
Left Audio Right Audio
Pulse Length Timer AM Detector RF Input Automatic Gain Controlled RF Amplifier Pulse Detector
MC13027 This device contains 428 active transistors.
This document contains information on a product under development. Motorola reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice.
MC13122 This device contains 670 active transistors.
(c) Motorola, Inc. 1996 Issue 1
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
1
MC13027 MC13122
MC13027 MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating Power Supply Input Voltage Ambient Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature
NOTE: ESD data available upon request.
Symbol VCC TA Tstg TJ
Value 12 -40 to +85 -60 to +150 150
Unit Vdc C C C
MC13027 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C, 8.0 VCC Test Circuit as shown in Figure 1.)
Characteristic Supply Voltage Range (Pin 8) Wideband (WB) AGC Threshold IF Output DC Current Mixer DC Current Output Local Oscillator Output Wideband AGC Pull-Down Current (Pin 20) Power Supply Current Mixer 3rd Order Intercept Point (Pin 6) Mixer Conversion Gain IF Amplifier Input Impedance (Pin 14) IF Amplifier Transconductance IF Amplifier Load Resistance (Pin 16) IF Amplifier Collector Current (Pin 16) Min - - - - - - - - - - - - - Typ 6.0 to 10 1.0 1.0 0.83 600 1.0 16 8.0 2.9 2.2 2.8 5.7 990 Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - Unit V mVrms mAdc mAdc mVpp mAdc mAdc dBm mS k mS k A
2
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 1. MC13027 Test Circuit
VCC On + C14 47 F AGC C10 0.01 Feedback VCC MC13027 WB AGC In WB AGC Out 20 R20 47 k C90 0.1 R3b 10 k R18 2.35 k R2b 10 k RT1 39 k WB AGC Out R19 500 k
VCC
1
RF RF In RM1 16.7
22 F WB AGC
RL1 51 C5
R10 56 k + R4 47 Q4 MMBT3904L R11 47 Q1 MMBFJ309L R2 82 C87 0.1 VCC RF Module RF In + 1 C16 10 F C26 1.0 F C9 47 F + 5 + 4
2 Blanker AGC 3 Feedback
Audio 19 Blank Time Audio 18 Blank Pulse Audio Blank 17 Delay Time IF Out 16
Mixer In Blanker In R200 560 k CM1 RM5 0.01 16.7 RL2 51 R1 100 k
Audio Blank Q3 (Note 1) Q2 (Note 1) VCC R16 3.3 k R21 510
2
4.0 V Reg
R17 500 k
RM2 16.7 Pulse On Pulse In R299 51
Gnd
3
RF Gnd
Mixer In
4 C293 10 F C11 0.1
6 Mixer In Blanker RF In 7 + 8 C6 0.1 4.0 Filter
RF Blank 15 Time IF In 14
R1b 10 k
C16 120 VCC C103 0.1
L2 1.0 mH IF Out R15 500 k
Mixer 4.0 V
5
Murata SFG450E
5 432 1
R12 1.8 k
Tuning V
6
VCC
Gnd2
13
VCLO
7 R201 120 100
9
VCO
RF Blank
12
RF Blank Q1b (Note 1) R5b 390 k
VCLO 4.0 V
8
10 C37 0.01
LO Out
Mixer Out
11
Tuning Voltage
LO Out
4.0 V Reg
NOTE:
1. General purpose NPN transistor 2N3904 or equivalent.
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
3
MC13027 MC13122
MC13122 MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating Power Supply Input Voltage Stereo (Pilot) Indicator Lamp Current (Pin 21) Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Power Dissipation Derated above 25C p Symbol VCC - TA Tstg TJ(max) PD Value 12 30 -40 to +85 -65 to +150 150 1.25 10 Unit Vdc mAdc C C C mW/C
NOTE:
ESD data available upon request.
MC13122 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 8.0 V, TA = 25C, Test Circuit of Figure 2.)
Characteristic Power Supply Operating Range Supply Current Drain (Pin 25) Minimum Input Signal Level, Unmodulated, for AGC Start Audio Output Level, 50% Modulation, L Only or R Only Audio Output Level, 50% Mono Output THD, 50% Modulation ( p , (Monaural Stereo) ) Channel Separation, L Only or R Only, 50% Modulation IF Input Voltage Range IF Input Resistance Range IF Amplifier Transconductance IF Detector Circuit Impedance Input AGC Threshold Stop-Sense Output Range Audio Output Impedance at 1.0 kHz (Pins 7 and 14) Stereo Indicator Lamp Leakage Stereo Indicator Saturation Voltage @ 3.0 mA Oscillator Capture Range Min 6.0 10 - 290 140 - - 22 - - - - - - - - - - Typ 8.0 20 5.0 400 200 0.3 0.5 35 1.0-1000 10 to 50 9.6 8.3 5.0 2.2 to 4.0 300 - - 3.0 Max 10 25 - 530 265 0.8 1.6 - - - - - - - - 1.0 200 - Unit V mA mV mVrms mVrms % dB mV
k
mS k mV V A mVdc kHz
4
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 2. MC13122 Test Circuit
Envelope Det Out I Detector Out Q Detector Out 8.0 V C1 1000 R10 13 k C3 47 F C4 450 kHz IF In 10 k 100 k R6 U2 C6 1.0 F Ch2 Out Ch2 Cont Ch2 In Ch1 In Ch1 Cont Ch1 Out THB122 6 5 4 3 2 1 R5 .01 10 F C2 120 L1 1.0 mH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 E Det Det In 3.0 V Reg AGC IF In SS L Out L Filt In L Filt Ctr L Mat Out R Mat Out R Filt Ctr R Filt In R Out C28 1000 I Det L-R Det Q Det 28 27 26 2.2 k R26 C27 1000
MC13122 IC2
C22 220 F
25 VCC 24 Loop Filt 47 F 23 C24 Blend 22 Gnd 1.0 k 21 Pilot Ind 3.6 MHz R20 20 Osc Out X1 19 Osc In 18 Pilot Det I 17 Pilot I 16 Pilot Q 15 Audio Blank C16 0.47 F
C23
22 F Stereo D1
C A 3.9 k 51 C29 1000 C30 R12 C18 22 F C31 1.0 F C17 10 F
1000
1000 AF Blank
SS Out
Left Audio Out
Right Audio Out
C E B MPS6515 Q3
33 k R11
Blend Disable
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
5
MC13027 MC13122
AMAX STEREO CHIPSET
What is AMAX? In 1993, a joint proposal by the EIA (Electronic Industries Association) and the NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) was issued. It included a unified standard for pre-emphasis and distortion for broadcasters as well as a set of criteria for the certification of receivers. The purpose of this proposal was to restore quality and uniformity to the AM band and to make it possible for the consumer to receive high quality signals using the AM band. The FCC has been supportive of this initiative and has required all new broadcast licensees to meet AMAX standards. The NAB and EIA have continued to encourage receiver manufacturers by offering the AMAX certification logo to be displayed on all qualifying radios. This logo is shown below. or The Receiver Criteria An AMAX receiver must have wide bandwidth: 7.5kHz for home and auto, 6.5 kHz for portables. It must have some form of bandwidth control, either manual or automatic, including at least two bandwidth provisions, such as "narrow" and "wide". It must meet NRSC receiver standards for distortion and deemphasis. It must have provisions for an external antenna. It must be capable of tuning the expanded AM band (up to 1700 kHz). And finally, home and auto receivers must have effective noise blanking. All of these requirements, except the noise blanking, have been met by Motorola's previous AM radio products, such as MC13025 Front End and the MC13022A C-QUAM stereo decoder. It is the Noise Blanker requirement which is met by the two devices on this data sheet, the MC13027 and MC13122. Noise blanking, especially in AM auto radios, has become extremely important. The combination of higher energy ignitions, using multiple spark coils, along with increased use of plastic in the auto body, have increased the noise energy at the radio. Also, the consumer has learned to expect higher quality audio due to advances in many other media. For the AM band to sustain interest to the consumer, a truly effective noise blanker is required. The block diagram below shows the Motorola AMAX stereo chipset. It offers a two-pronged approach to noise blanking which is believed to be the most effective yet offered in the consumer market. The initial blanking takes place in the output of the mixer, using a shunt circuit triggered by a carefully defined wideband receiver. For most noises, some residual audible disturbance is almost always still present after this process. The disturbance becomes stretched and delayed as it passes through the rest of the selectivity in the receiver. The stretching and delay are predictable, so the MC13027 can provide a noise blanking pulse with the correct delay and stretch to the output stages of the MC13122 decoder. The MC13122 has a Track and Hold circuit which receives the blanking signal from the Front End and uses it to gently hold the audio wherever it is as the pulse arrives, and hold that value until the noise has passed. The combined effect is dramatic. A wide range of types of noise is successfully suppressed and the resulting audio seems almost clean until the noise is so intense that the blanking approaches full-time. The amount of extra circuitry to accomplish noise blanking is relatively small. The external components for this added capability are shown in Figure 3. In the MC13027 Front end, the noise receiver/detector requires two capacitors. The presettings for blanking timing and blanking delay require three external fixed resistors. Finally the decoder requires two track and hold capacitors to store the "audio" voltage during the track and hold function.
Figure 3. AMAX Stereo Receiver with Noise Blanker
MC13027 RF In AM Stereo Decoder
MC13122 Track and Hold Left Variable Notch Filter Right
RF Amplifier
Mixer
IF Amplifier
AGC'd IF Amplifier
Divide by 4 Pin Diode Wideband AGC VCO
450 kHz Filter
RF Attenuate Audio Blank RF Attenuator Switch Audio Reject Filter RF Blank Timer Reset
4.0 V Regulator
AGC'd RF Amplifier AGC
AM Detector
Pulse Detector
Delay Timer
Audio Blank Timer
Audio Blank Switch
6
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 4. MC13027 Internal Block Diagram
WB AGC Out 20 Audio Blank Time 19 Audio Blank Pulse 18 Audio Blank Delay Time 17 RF Blank Time 15
IF Out 16
IF In 14
Gnd2 13
RF Blank 12
Mixer Out 11
IF Amp
VCC RF Time MV
Mixer
AF Time MV
AF Del MV
X1 NB Amp WB AGC Amp /4
Reg
X1 1 WB AGC In 2 Blanker AGC 3 Feedback 4 4.0 V Reg 5 RF Gnd 6 Mixer In Blanker RF In 7 4.0 Filter 8 VCC 9 VCO 10 LO Out
MC13027 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The MC13027 contains the mixer, wide band AGC system, local oscillator, IF pre-amplifier and noise blanker for an AM radio receiver. It is designed to be used with the MC13122 to produce a complete AM stereo receiver. The VCO runs at 4 (Fin+FIF) and is divided internally by 4 for the mixer input and local oscillator buffered output. Dividing the VCO reduces the phase noise for AM stereo applications. The noise blanker input is connected in parallel with the mixer input at Pin 6. The noise blanker circuitry contains a high gain amplifier with its own AGC so it remains linear throughout the mixer's linear range. It can detect noise pulses as low as 120 V and generates three pulses when the noise threshold is exceeded. The width and timing of the blanking pulses is set by the resistors connected to Pins 15, 17 and 19. The resistor on Pin 15 sets the length of the RF blanking pulse and determines the time the transistor on Pin 12 is "on". The audio blanking pulse delay is set by the resistor on Pin 17 and the width by the resistor on Pin 19. This is necessary because the IF filtering delays and stretches the noise as it arrives at the detector. The transistor on Pin 18 goes "on" to cause noise blanking in the track and hold circuit in the MC13122 (Pin 15). Wideband AGC is used in auto receivers to prevent overload - it drives the base of a cascode transistor RF amplifier and also a pin diode at the antenna (See Figures 6 and 7). A low gain IF amplifier between Pins 14 and 16 is used as a buffer amplifier between the mixer output filter and IF filter. The input resistance of the IF amplifier is designed to match a ceramic IF filter. The gain of the IF amplifier is determined by the impedance of the load on Pin 16.
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
7
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 5. MC13122 Internal Block Diagram
I Det 28
I
L-R Det 27
L-R
Q Det 26
Q
VCC 25
VCC
Loop Filt 24
330
Blend 23
Gnd 22
Pilot Ind 21
Osc Out 20
Osc In 19
Pilot Det I 18
Pilot I 17
Pilot Q 16
Audio Blank 15
VCO 450 <90 450 <0 /8 Loop Driver Fast Lock Pilot I Det Pilot Level Det 25.6 Hz Clamp Pilot Q Det 24.4 Hz Count Control
Blend C-QUAM Comparator cos L+R L-R Fast AGC AGC IF Amp 1.0 V VGA 0.9 Disable Signal Quality Detector Level /32
/137/144
/4
Matrix L R VGA 0.9
3.0 V
1 E Det
2 Det In
3 3.0 V Reg
4 AGC
5 IF In
6 SS
7 L Out
8 L Filt In
9 L Filt Ctr
10 L Mat Out
11 R Mat Out
12 R Filt Ctr
13 R Filt In
14 R Out
MC13122 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The MC13122 is designed to accept a 450 kHz C-QUAM input signal from approximately 1.0 mV to 1.0 V and produce L and R audio output signals. It has additional features: stop signal, variable bandwidth IF and audio response, stereo indicator driver and track and hold noise blanking. The IF amplifier on Pin 5 has its own AGC system. It operates by varying the input resistance on Pin 5. With weak signals below approximate 5.0 mV, the input resistance is very high and the amplifier is at maximum gain. For this AGC to be effective, it is necessary to feed the IF input signal from a relatively high impedance. The input resistance variation also reduces the Q of the coil (T1 in the application) so the receiver bandwidth is narrow for weak signals and wide for strong signals. The value of the input resistor (R5) is selected for the desired loading of the IF coil. The impedance of the IF coil on Pin 2 determines the IF gain. Pin 2 is also the input to the C-QUAM decoder. The IF signal drives the envelope (E), in-phase (I), quadrature (Q) and (L-R) detectors. The E detector is a quasi-synchronous true envelope detector. The others are true synchronous detectors. The E detector output provides the L+R portion of the C-QUAM signal directly to the matrix. The AGC signal of the IF amplifier drives the signal strength output at Pin 6. An external resistor on Pin 6 (sets the gain of the AGC). The Pin 6 voltage is used to control the Q of the audio notch filter, causing the audio bandwidth and depth of the 10 kHz notch to change with signal strength. It is also used as one of the inputs to the signal quality detector which generates the stop-sense and blend signal on Pins 6 and 23 respectively and tells the signal quality detector that the RF input is below the AGC threshold. VCO The 3.6 MHz ceramic resonator on Pins 19 and 20 is part of a phase locked loop which locks to the 450 kHz IF signal. The 3.6 MHz is divided by 8 to produce in-phase and quadrature signals for the I, Q and L-R detectors. It is also divided by 32, and 137/144 to provide signals for the pilot I and Q detectors. The pilot detector is a unique circuit which does not need filtering to detect the 25 Hz pilot. Blend Circuit The purpose of the blend circuit is to provide an AM stereo radio with the capability of very fast lock times, protection against stereo falsing when there is no pilot present and control of the L-R signal so as to provide as much stereo information as possible, while still sounding good in the presence of noise or interference. The circuit also provides an optional stop-sense usable by a radio with seek and/or scan. The stop-sense signal provides a "stop" signal only when the radio is locked on station, signal strength is above minimum level, and the level of interference is less than a predetermined amount. The last feature prevents stopping on frequencies where there is is a multiplicity of strong co-channel stations. It is common for AM radios without this capability to stop on many frequencies with unlistenable stations, especially at night. The blend circuit controls the PLL fast lock, pilot detector, IF amplifier AGC rate, decoder L-R gain, cos compensation and stop-sense as a function of the voltage on a signal external blend capacitor. Timing is determined by the rate of change of voltage on the blend cap. Timing is changed by varying charge and discharge current and pulled down by a current source, switch, and optionally an external switch. The current sources and switches are controlled by various measures of signal quality, signal strength, and presence or absence of pilot tone.
8
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
Detectors In AM stereo operation, the Q detector delivers pilot signal via an external low-pass filter to the pilot detector input (Pin 18). The E and I detectors drive the C-QUAM comparator. The L-R signal and the output of the envelope detector are combined in the matrix to produce the L and R signals. The C-QUAM system modifies the in-phase and quadrature components of the transmitted signal by the cosine of the phase angle of the resultant carrier, for proper stereo decoding. An uncompensated L-R would be distorted, primarily by second harmonics. Where there is noise or interference in the L-R, it has been subjectively determined that reducing the cos compensation at the expense of increased distortion sounds better than full decoding. The blend line operates over a small voltage range to eliminate cosine compensation. Signal Quality Detector - Blend Voltage Control The signal quality detector output is dependent on signal strength, over-modulation, and whether or not the blend pin has been pulled low prior to searching. Over-modulation usually occurs when a radio is tuned one channel away from a desired strong signal, so this prevents stopping one channel away from a strong signal. In a radio tuned to a strong, interference free C-QUAM station, the blend voltage will be approximately 3.6 V. In the presence of noise or interference, when the modulation envelope is at a minimum, it is possible for the I detector to produce a negative, or below zero carrier signal. The Signal Quality Detector produces an output each time the negative I exceeds 4%. The output of the detector sets a latch. The output of the latch turns on current source which pulls down the voltage of the blend cap at a predetermined rate. The latch is then reset by a low frequency signal from the pilot detector logic. This produces about a 200 mV change each time 4% negative I is detected. Tables 1 and 2 describe the blend behavior under various conditions. When the blend voltage reaches 2.2 V a blend control circuit starts to reduce the amplitude of the L-R signal fed to the decoder matrix. By 1.5 V the L-R has been reduced by about 40 dB. At lower voltages it is entirely off and the decoder output is monaural. This reduction of L-R signal, or blend as it is commonly called when done in FM stereo radios, reduces undesirable interference effects as a function of the amount of interference present. Stop-Sense Stop-sense is enabled when the blend voltage is externally pulled below 0.45 V. An input from the AGC indicating minimum signal, or detection of 10% negative I will cause the stop-sense pin to be pulled low. With signals greater than the AGC corner and less than 10% interference the stop-sense will be a minimum of 1.0 V below the 3.0 V line. Very rapid scanning is possible because the radio can scan to the next frequency as soon as the stop-sense goes low. The maximum wait time, set by the radio, is only reached on good stations. The decoder will not lock on an adjacent channel because it is out of the lock range of the PLL. The beat note produced in the I detector by the out of lock condition will trigger the 10% negative I detector. Sequence For Seek Scan * Change Station - Pull-Down Blend * Wait Approximately 50 ms for Synthesizer and Decoder PLL to Lock * Observe Pin 6 Voltage * If it is Above 2.0 V and Stays Above 2.0 V for Approximately 800 ms, Stay on the Station * No IF Count Now Needed * No AGC Level Detector Needed Table 1. Normal Sequence When Changing Stations
External Pull-Down of Blend Capacitor to Under 0.47 V - Increased Current Supplied to Loop Driver for Fast Lock - Fast AGC Activated - Extra Current Pull-Up Activated on Blend Capacitor - Pilot Detector Disabled - Loop Locks - Stop-Sense Activated - Blend Capacitor Pulled Up to 0.7 V - Stops - Fast Lock Current Removed - Fast AGC Turned Off - Pilot Detector Enabled - Stereo Indicator Pin Pulled Low - Blend Voltage Pulled Positive Rapidly - Audio Starts Into Stereo - 10% Negative I Detector Enabled - Stereo Separator Reaches 20 to 25 dB - Rapid Current Pull-Up Turned Off - 4% Negative I Detector Enabled - cos Enabled - Full C-QUAM Decoding - Blend Voltage Continues to Rise to 3.6 V and Stops
Blend Released
Pilot Detected
Blend Voltage Reaches 1.4 V Blend Voltage Reaches 2.2 V
Blend Voltage Reaches 3.0 V
Table 2. Operation In Adverse Conditions
4% Negative I Detected - Blend Pulls Down Approximately 200 mV for Each Event - Acts Like One-Shot - Stops at 2.2 V - cos Has Been Defeated, Almost Full Stereo Remains - Blend Pulls Down 200 mV for Each Event - Stops at 1.4 V - Stereo Has Blended to Mono - Resets Fast Pull-Up if Blend Has Not Been Above 2.2 V - Blend Pulls Down Fast During Event - Stops at 0.47 V - Resets Fast Pull-Up - Pilot Indicator Turned Off - Resets Fast Pull-Up - Pulls Down to 0.7 V
10% Negative I Detected
50% Negative I Detected (Out of Lock)
Minimum Signal Level Detected
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
9
MC13027 MC13122
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Pin 1 Name Internal Equivalent Circuit Description WB AGC In VCC 3.3 V R2 15 k WB AGC In 1 20 k Wideband AGC Input The input impedance to the WB AGC detector is 15 k and is internally biased so it must be coupled through a capacitor. The threshold can be increased by adding a resistor in series with the input. The WB AGC begins at about 1.0 mV. In car radios, this input should be connected to the collector of the RF amplifier cascode stage through a resistor and capacitor. A 68 pF to ground will prevent undesired high frequency signals from activating the WB AGC and make the sensitivity more uniform across the band. Blanker AGC The capacitor to ground is the bypass for the noise blanker AGC circuit. The noise blanker can be disabled by grounding this pin. 10 F is used in the application, but it can be changed to match the time constant of the main IF AGC in the MC13122, Pin 4. 2 Blanker AGC NB AGC 2 D1 D2 3 Feedback Blanker Feedback This pin is the dc feedback to the input stage of the wide band amplifier. NB Feedback 3 11 k 4 4.0 V Reg 4.0 V Reg 4 Buffer 4.0 V Regulator The 4.0 V regulator supplies low impedance bias to many of the circuits in the IC. It should be bypassed to a ground near Pin 5. 4.0 V Filter 7 7 4.0 V Filt 4.7 k Reg 4.0 V Filter The external capacitor works with internal 4.7 k to filter noise from the bandgap regulator. VCC 5 Gnd RF Gnd 5 RF Ground This pin is the ground for the RF section, blanker RF, filters and all radio circuits except the IF. In the PCB layout, the ground pin should be used as the internal return ground in the RF circuits. 6 BlkRF/MixIn 4.0 V VCC 50 50 50 50 LO + VCC Mixer Out 11 Mixer/ Blanker In 6 Mixer Input/Blanker RF Input The blanker RF input must be biased from the 4.0 V on Pin 4. The mixer input is to two bases of the upper mixer transistors. A low impedance dc path to the 4.0 V on Pin 4 is required. Normally, this would be a coil secondary connected between Pins 6 and 4. 11 Mixer Out LO LO- 750 Mixer Output A single ended output of a double balanced mixer. A load resistor to supply is chosen to match the ceramic filter, typically 1.5 k to 1.8 k. Output current is 830 A.
MC13027 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
10
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
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Pin 8 Name Internal Equivalent Circuit VCC 8 Description VCC Supply Voltage The normal operating voltage range is 6.0 to 10 V. VCC 9 VCLO VCC 4.0 V VCLO 9 1.5 k Voltage Control Local Oscillator The oscillator is a cross coupled negative resistance type and this pin must be connected through a low dc resistance to Pin 4, the 4.0 V regulator. Normally, this would be the secondary of the oscillator coil. The impedance of the secondary winding should be around 2.8 k to guarantee that the oscillator will run. It operates at 4 times the LO frequency: fosc = 4(Fin+FIF). 10 LO Out VCC 390 LO Out 10 Local Oscillator Output This is an emitter follower for LO output to drive a synthesizer. It is a square wave output, the internal series resistance and allows a small bypass to reduce high frequency harmonics. 12 RF Blank RF Blk 12 100 k RF Blanker An unbiased NPN acts as a SHUNT impedance when turned on. The 100 k resistor provides a dc path for the capacitor. 13 Gnd2 Gnd 13 IF Ground Pin 13 is the ground for the IF section and the timing and switching circuits in the blanker. In the application circuit this should be common to the MC13122 ground. IF Input A degenerated differential amplifier internally biased to 4.0 V. The IF input impedance is approximately 1.8 k to match a ceramic filter. The IF amplifier is used as a buffer between the ceramic filter and the detector coil and has a fixed gain determined by the impedance of the output coil. IF Output An open collector provides high-impedance drive to the MC13122; the IF gain is set by the ac impedance on this pin. 14 IF In 4.0 V 2.2 k VCC IF Out 16 220 16 IF Out 3.4 k 3.4 k IF In 14 15 RF Time 4.0 V 10 k RF Blk Time 15 RF Blank Time A resistor to ground sets the RF blanking time. The time is set to the minimum required to attenuate the pulse received. This is normally longest at the low end of the band. The value is best approved by ear. A fixed value can be chosen for production. (50 s is typical.)
MC13027 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
11
MC13027 MC13122
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Pin 17 Name Internal Equivalent Circuit Description Delay Time 4.0 k 10 k Audio Delay Time 17 Audio Blank Delay Time A resistor to ground sets the delay time from the beginning of the RF blanking pulse to the beginning of the audio blanking pulse. This normally is about 50 s for a wide AMAX filter. The ear is the most sensitive measure of the correct delay; start low, say 20 s, and vary delay until noise is heard, and then reduce somewhat. Audio Blank Pulse When the blanker is operating, a positive pulse from this pin is fed to Pin 15 of the MC13122 to blank the audio signal. 18 Audio Blank Cntl VCC 4.7 k Audio Blank 18 19 Audio Time VCC 10 k Audio Blk Time 19 Audio Blank Time A resistor to ground sets the width of the blanking pulse on Pin 18. This is usually selected by applying a pulse to the antenna of the receiver and adjusting a variable resistor. The blanking signal should be just long enough to suppress the audio pulse. Again the ear is the most sensitive tool. Start long, approximately 250 s and reduce until noise is audible then increase. 20 WB AGC Out VCC 440 WB AGC Out 20 Wideband AGC Output A push-pull current output. The resistor to voltage source (normally VCC) determines the gain. Used to bias a cascode transistor in series with the input FET and can also be used to drive a PNP transistor which drives a pin diode attenuator (refer to Application Circuit Figure 6.) 330
MC13027 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)
12
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
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Pin 1 Name Internal Equivalent Circuit Description E Detector VCC 6.2 k Envelope Det 1 Envelope Detector This is the output of the envelope detector and is used for one input to the comparator that generates cos signal and the L+R input to the matrix. It is a quasi-synchronous full wave detector with very low distortion (<1% at 100% modulation). The output impedance is 6.2 k, and it is bypassed to VCC with 1.0 nF to eliminate 900 kHz components. The bypass capacitor must be the same as the one on Pin 27 and 28 for lowest stereo distortion and best separation. IF Out/Decoder Input The IF coil is connected from Pin 2 to Pin 3, the 3.0 V regulator. The IF amplifier output is a current source. The gain is determined by the impedance between Pins 2 and 3. Bandwidth and gain is set by the resistance across the coil. 2 Detector In Det In 2 VCC 120 3 3.0 V Reg 3.0 V Reg 3 3.0 V Regulator This bandgap regulator supplies bias to many of the circuits in the IC. 3.0 V 4 AGC Byp 2.3 V IF AGC 4 IF AGC Bypass The AGC has a fast and slow time constant. The fast AGC is 18X the slow one and is active when the 450 kHz loop is not locked. This allows for fast scanning in car radios. This capacitor should be selected for distortion for low frequencies at 80% modulation. 5 IF In AGC Current IF In 5 10 k IF Input The IF AGC varies the current through attenuator diodes. The diodes vary the input impedance shunting the IF signal. The varying impedance also varies the Q and therefore the bandwidth. The IF AGC is accomplished by turning on the diodes and lowering the IF input impedance.
MC13122 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
13
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Pin 15 10 11 9 12 8 13 7 14 6 AF Blank In L Matrix Out R Matrix Out L Filt Ctr R Filt Ctr L Filt In R Filt In Left Out Right Out SS Name Signal Strength
14
L 20 k Internal Equivalent Circuit Stop-Sense Pull-Down R 4.7 k 4.7 k Op Amp VCC 20 k V 3.0 V CC 1.0 k 20 k
MC13122 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)
MC13027 MC13122
L Matix Out 10
L Filter In 8
L Out 7
Audio Blank 15
L Filter Ctr 9
Stop-Sense 6
Audio Blank Control The current to the output drivers is turned off.
Track and Hold Output This is a unity gain operational amplifier output. The current is turned off by the blanking pulse. The capacitor holds output voltage constant until unblanked. Internal feedback causes the output impedance to be low.
Left Filter and Right Filter Center Drives the center leg of a twin-T filter, varying the Q. At strong signal, positive feedback narrows the notch, and there is little HF roll-off. At weak signal, negative feedback produces a broad notch and HF roll-off.
Input to Notch Filter DC bias is supplied through the external filter components.
Filtered Left and Filtered Right Output This can drive a de-emphasis filter to bring audio contour to AMAX specifications. Since the output is an emitter follower, the output impedance is low, and a series R should be used with the de-emphasis network as shown on the application circuit.
Signal Strength/Stop-Sense The signal strength is a push-pull circuit. The voltage is 2.2 V at minimum signal and 3.5 to 5.0 V at strong signal. This dc voltage is also used to control the audio output notch filters. If the Blend pin is low the stop-sense is activated and this pin can go low. This can be used to control the seek-scan in the radio.
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Description
MC13027 MC13122
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Pin 16 Name Internal Equivalent Circuit Description Pilot Q 3.0 V Pilot Q This is the output of a quadrature detector of a narrowband phase locked loop system. Pilot Q 16 It is used to control the pilot detector circuitry. The pilot Q is clamped to the 3.0 V reference when the blend voltage is pulled low. This results in faster pilot detection when a stereo station is tuned in. If the blend is not pulled low, the pilot Q will drift up approximately 0.5 V when there is no pilot, and it will take longer to detect the pilot. The capacitor to ground is the loop filter. It sets the pilot loop bandwidth: if it is too large, the loop bandwidth maybe too small, and the pilot may not be re-acquired if it is lost unless the blend pin is externally pulled low again. 17 Pilot I 3.0 V 47 k Pilot I 17 Pilot I When the loop is locked to a 25 Hz AM stereo pilot, this is the output of a an in-phase synchronous detector. The capacitor filters the output, which is used to drive the pilot indicator driver on Pin 21. The time constant for the pilot indicator output is determined by this capacitor and the internal 47 k resistor. If the capacitor is too small, it can lead to pilot falsing due to noise. If the capacitor is too large, the acquisition time increases. The cap is charged to 3.0 V when the blend voltage is low to shorten lock time. 18 Pilot Det In VCC 3.0 V 47 k Pilot Det In 18 39 k Pilot Detector Input The pilot detector will detect a pilot tone between 24.4 and 25.6 Hz. The pilot signal is fed from Q detector through a low pass filter on Pin 26. The audio signals from the Q detector must be filtered out, so a low-pass filter is used. The capacitor in series with Pin 18 blocks dc and prevents large low frequency transients from knocking the decoder out of stereo mode. Oscillator Input The input impedance is 10 k, but the recommended circuit adds 3.9 k in parallel with this to control the capture range of the VCO to be around 3.0 kHz. using the recommended ceramic resonator. 19 Osc In VCC 3.0 V 10 k Osc Input 19 22 k 20 Osc Out VCC 100 Osc Feedback 20 Oscillator Output The internal phase shift of the VCO is 90 degrees, and the output impedance is low. It is designed to drive a resonant circuit with a 90 degree phase shift at the center frequency.
MC13122 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
15
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Pin 26 25 24 23 22 21 Q Detector VCC Loop Filt Blend Cont Gnd Pilot Indicator Name 3.0 V
16
3.0 V 3.0 V Internal Equivalent Circuit 27 k 11 k VCC 330
MC13122 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)
MC13027 MC13122
10
330
Gnd 22
Q Det Out
Pilot Indicator
VCC 25
26
21
Loop Filter
Blend 23
24
Q Detector Output This is a synchronous detector in quadrature with the 450 kHz IF signal. The output impedance is 11 k. This signal is normally used for input to the pilot detector and internally for the fast lock.
VCC The operating voltage is normally 8.0 to 10 V in car radios. The MC13122 will work from 6.0 to 10 V.
Loop Filter The phase detector is a current source, so only a single RC loop filter is needed for a second order loop. The internal 330 resistor together with a 47 F gives the correct corner frequency and damping for the proper operation on the decoder loop. The cap should be low leakage to avoid static phase error.
Blend Control There are pull-up and pull-down currents provided to this pin. The external capacitor controls the rate of change of this voltage and 22 F is recommended. This is an important voltage affecting many functions in the IC.
Ground Use good practices to keep oscillator returns and RF bypasses to good copper near this point
Pilot Indicator The maximum current is internally limited to protect the IC, but it should be operated with a current limiting resistor.
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Description
MC13027 MC13122
A A A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AA AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA
Pin 27 Name Internal Equivalent Circuit Description L-R Detector VCC 6.2 k L-R Det 27 L-R Detector This is similar to the Q detector output but its level is controlled by the blend circuit. When the blend is active, the L-R output is reduced in level by reducing the dc current until mono operation is reached. It operates in the same way as the blend circuit in FM stereo decoders. The bypass capacitor should be 1.0 nF as on Pin 1 for optimum channel separation. 28 I Detector VCC 6.2 k I Det 28 I Detector This is a synchronous detector in phase with the 450 kHz IF signal. It is used internally to generate the cos signal and as an input to the signal quality detector. The bypass capacitor should be the same as the one on Pin 1 for best separation and lowest stereo distortion.
MC13122 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
17
MC13027 MC13122
CAR RADIO APPLICATION
Figure 6 shows a car radio circuit using a TOKO pre-tuned RF module. The RF module includes a 4 diode tracking circuit to eliminate mistracking between the oscillator and RF circuits over the 530 to 1700 kHz AM band. This is important for stereo performance because mistracking will cause mono distortion and will significantly reduce the stereo separation. The THB122 module contains the variable 10 kHz notch filter. This module can be replaced with discrete components as shown in Figure 8, using 1% resistors and 5% capacitors. Some manufacturers add a PIN diode attenuator at the antenna input. An example is shown in Figure 7. The WB AGC sensitivity can be adjusted by changing R4 in series with the WB AGC input, Pin 1. The internal input resistance is 15 k. R15, R17 and R19 are the blanker timing resistors. They were setup for this circuit and can be changed if desired. FL1 is a linear phase IF filter . We recommend a Gaussian (rounded) filter, such as SFG or SFH for lower distortion and better separation than one with a flatter amplitude response. The SFG types of filters have poorer selectivity than the ones with flat GDT (group delay time) so some compromise has been made on adjacent channel selectivity. The blanker can be disabled for testing by grounding the blanker AGC on Pin 2 in the MC13027. The blanker and mixer inputs must be biased from the 4.0 V regulator through a low dc resistance like the secondary winding of the RF coil. The receiver VCO operates at 4 times the local oscillator frequency and is divided internally in the MC13027 so that both the mixer input and the LO out is the same as in other receivers. This receiver can be connected to an existing synthesizer. For AM stereo, the synthesizer must have low phase noise. The Motorola MC145173 is recommended. For bench testing of this receiver, the Motorola MC145151 parallel input synthesizer may be useful. It will operate on 9.0 V and the phase detector can provide tuning voltage without a buffer amplifier. The SS (stop-sense) output can be used for station searching and scanning. The best way to use it is to connect the SS signal to a comparator or A-D converter in the control microprocessor. If Pin 23 is grounded during searching by turning on Q3, the SS voltage changes from less than 0.5 V to around 2.2 V when an RF threshold is exceeded, as is shown in the graph in Figure 15. This system results in very reliable stopping on usable signals and fast detection of AM stereo signals. After a station is detected, Q3 should be turned off. This receiver is very easy to set up because the TOKO module is pre-aligned. The only adjustments are to tune T1 and T2 for maximum voltage of the SS out line or maximum audio with a weak signal. If desired, they can be changed slightly to maximize stereo separation. If different components are used, the blanker resistors can be setup as follows: Ground Pin 2 of the MC13027. Apply a 1.0 s pulse or 50 Hz square wave of about 10 mV through a dummy antenna and synchronize an oscilloscope to the pulse generator. Observe the signal at the mixer collector (Pin 11). It should be a sine wave burst. Remove the ground on Pin 2 and adjust R15 so the burst is just suppressed. Check the performance at the ends and middle of the band because the width might change due to RF circuit bandwidth. Mix the pulse signal with a CW signal of about 300 V with a power combiner and connect the oscilloscope to Pin 7 or Pin 14 of the MC13122. Adjust R17 so the blanking starts at the beginning of the audio pulse and R19 so the audio blanking is just long enough to suppress the audio pulse. The audio blanking time should not be made longer than necessary because it will be more noticeable in the normal program. The effectiveness of the blanker can be determined in field testing by connecting a switch from Pin 2 of the MC13027 to ground and bringing it outside the radio. Figures 10 to 19 refer to the performance of the Application Circuit of Figure 6.
18
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Figure 6. AMAX Chipset Application Circuit
R8 R7 22 k B A7NRES-T1370Y T2 450 kHz WH9
4 6 3
C22 47 F Gnd
10 C35 100 F
WH8
VCC
C Q2 MPS6515 E C11 22 F
3 4 1 2
A7NRES-11148N T1 450 kHz C19 0.01
1 6 2
C8 R3 1.0 F 470 R18 12 k C1 1.0 n
Figure 6.
TMG522E
MC13027 MC13122
VT
Osc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 150 k R17 33 k R15 680 k
O GI
C21 0.1
THB122
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
D Q1 3309 S R4 15 k R9 C28 C4 R5 R6 100 k 4.7 k FL3 3.3 k 47 F 10 F C9 0.1 R19 AF Blk WH13 C7 1.0 F R1 100 MC13122 IC2
E Det Det In 3.0 V Reg AGC IF In SS L Out Ch2 Out Ch2 Cont Ch2 In Ch1 In Ch1 Cont Ch1 Out L Filt In L Filt Ctr L Mat Out
C6
Ant WH2 0.01
G L1 3.0 mH
C28 1.0 n
I Det 28 L-R Det 27 VCC Loop Filt Blend Gnd Pil Ind Osc Out Osc In R Mat Out Pil Det I R Filt Ctr Pil I
C27 1.0 n C34 1.0 n
Q Det 26
R2 100 k
1
3
Ant Gnd WH1
FL2
RF Col
RF VCC
Gnd Mixer In
FL1 SFG450F
Mixer Bias
6 5 4 3 2 1 C33 C32 1.0 n 1.0 n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R26 2.2 k 25 24 23 C24 47 F C23 22 F 22 D1 R20 1.0 k 21 20 C29 51 C Stereo A R12 19 X1 C30 3.9 k 18 3.6 MHz 1.0 n C18 22 F 17
Pil Q 16
Osc Bias 8
R22 C5 C14 C18 1.0 n R21 1.8 k WH3 LO Out 47 F 10 F
120
C13 MC13027 0.01 IC1 1 WB AGC I WB AGC O C2 10 F 2 Blk AGC AFT 3 Blk FB AF Blk C3 0.1 4 Delt 4.0 V Reg 5 RF Gnd IF Out 6 Mix/Blk In R Filt 7 4.0 V Filt IF In 8V IF Gnd CC 9 LO RF Blk 10 LO Out Mix Out 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 C12 0.01
13 R Filt In 14 R Out
A Blk
15 WH12 R16 2.2 k WH5 R13 SS Out C25 .015 5.6 k WH4 L AF Out R14 5.6 k WH6 R AF Out C Q3 C26 .015 MPS6515 E R18 2.2 k AF Blk
C16 47 F
C17 10 F
C31 1.0 F
WH11 VT
C15 0.1
R11 WH7 Search G 33 k WH10 Gnd
19
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 7. RF Pin Diode
R51 820 R5 2.7 k
Q25 MMBT3906L
R6 27 k
C18 0.1
R7 3.3 k Q2 MMBT3904L C7 0.01 C57 0.01 D1 PIN C56 0.047
1 3
R8 220 C6 0.47 C5 + 68 F
RF In BA585
L1 R3 126ANS 100 k 7594HM R4 R52 82 390
Q1 MMBFJ309L R13 13 k C8 0.047 C14 0.01 2 AGC MC13027 1 WB AGC In WB AGC Out 20
AGC
Figure 8. MC13027/MC13122 Discrete RF and Notch Filters
MC13122 Pins Filt In 8 (13) 0 OVERALL RESPONSE (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80
Figure 9. Overall Selectivity of a Typical Receiver versus Filter Control Voltage
IF/Audio Response at Filter Input V at Pin 6 = 3.5 Vdc 2.5 Vdc 1.5 Vdc - - Response at - - Pins 10 and 11 Due - - to IF Selectivity - - Total Response at - - Output Pins 7 and 14 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10 15 AUDIO FREQUENCY (kHz) 20 30
360
44.2 k 22.1 k 720 44.2 k Filt Out 10 (11) Filt Ctr 9 (12)
360
1.5
20
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 10. Blend Voltage versus RF Input Level
4.0 BLEND VOLTAGE, PIN 23 (V) 40 32 SEPARATION (dB) 24 16 8.0 0
Figure 11. Separation versus RF Input Level
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
20
NOTE:
30
40 50 60 ANTENNA INPUT (dBV)
70
80
20
NOTE:
30
40 50 60 ANTENNA INPUT (dBV)
70
80
The graphs on this page were made using the 15/60 pF dummy antenna and the Application Circuit of Figure 6.
The radio stays in mono until the stereo signal is sufficiently large and then makes a smooth transition to stereo. This is similar to FM receivers with variable blend.
Figure 12. Signal to Noise versus RF Input Level
50 5.0 kHz ATTENUATION (dB) 42 400 Hz S/N (dB) 34 26 18 10 20
NOTE:
Figure 13. 5.0 kHz Attentuation versus RF Input Level
0 -5.0 -10 -15 -20 -25
30
40 50 60 ANTENNA INPUT (dBV)
70
80
20
NOTE:
30
40 50 60 ANTENNA INPUT (dBV)
70
80
The slightly abrupt change at around 25 dBV is due to the decoder switching into stereo.
This curve shows the effect of the variable audio bandwidth control of the MC13122. It is due to the variable loading of the IF coil and the variable 10 kHz notch filter in the output.
Figure 14. Audio Output Level versus RF Input Level
500 400 AF OUTPUT (mV) 300 200 100 0 SS, STOP-SENSE, PIN 6 (V) 4.0
Figure 15. Stop-Sense Voltage versus RF Input Level
3.0
Pin 23 = Open
2.0 Pin 23 = Grounded 1.0
20
NOTE:
30
40 50 60 ANTENNA INPUT (dBV)
70
80
0
60
NOTE:
70
80 90 RF INPUT LEVEL (dBV)
100
110
All the curves of performance versus RF input level were generated using the car radio receiver circuit shown in Figure 6. Using a 15/60 pF dummy antenna input and a 50% L only stereo signal.
This measurement was made on the MC13122 alone with a 10 k series input resistor. It will enable the designer to determine the stop-sense level if the gain of receiver RF section is known. Note that if Pin 23 is held low, the SS voltage on Pin 6 rises from about 0.3 to 2.2 V over a small change in RF level. This can be used to generate a very reliable stop signal. If Pin 23 is not held low, the SS voltage starts out at 2.2 V and rises slowly to a maximum of around 4.0 V.
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
21
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 16. Audio Blanking Delay versus R17
1000 1000
Figure 17. RF Blanking Time versus R15
AF BLANKING DELAY (s)
100
AF BLANKING TIME (s) 33 100 R17 (k) 330 1000
100
10
10
1.0
10
1.0
10
33
100 R15 (k)
330
1000
Figure 18. Audio Blanking Time versus R19
1000 9.0 8.0 AF BLANKING TIME (s) AGC VOLTAGE (V) 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 10 33 100 R19 (k) 330 1000 0
Figure 19. WB AGC Output Voltage (Pin 20) versus RF Input Level
100
10
0
NOTE:
1.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 RF LEVEL INTO PIN 1 (mV)
5.0
6.0
This was measured by applying an RF signal through a capacitor directly to Pin 1. The input resistance is 15 k, so the desired threshold can be increased by adding a resistor in series with the input.
22
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
AMAX STEREO CHIPSET
The RF Module In the early development phase of this AMAX Stereo Chipset, Motorola worked with TOKO America Inc. to develop an RF tuning module. Part number TMG522E was assigned and is available from TOKO now. This module provides the "tracked" tuning elements for the RF (T1 and T2 and associated capacitors and varicaps) and the VCO (T3 et al). Some radio designers may prefer to develop their own tuning system using discrete coils and components, but the TOKO approach offers good performance, compactness and ease of application. Motorola recommends that every designer use this approach at least for initial system development and evaluation. As refinement of the application progressed, it was found that a modification of the TMG522E was needed which would reduce the amount of VCO leakage into the Mixer through the power supply connections. This modification is described below. Motorola will work with TOKO to develop a new part number incorporating this change. In the meantime, it is necessary that the user perform these simple changes, because the radio circuits throughout this data sheet assume this modified design. Modifying the TMG522E Referring to Figures 20 and 21, there are three simple steps to the modification: 1. Cut the thin copper trace from Pin 2 to Pin 5 as shown. 2. Cut the thin copper trace from Pin 8 to the bottom of the 120 resistor. Removal of the resistor is optional. 3. Connect a wire from Pin 5 to the top of the 120 resistor (or the upper pad for the resistor).
Figure 20. TMG522E Schematic
Add Wire (3) 4 RF Out 3.9 k 120 X 5 3.0 V Cut Trace (2) 8 Osc Low 7 Osc High
RF In 1 2
T1
T2
T3
X Cut Trace (1) +B 5 Gnd 3 VT 6
10 k 47 k 47 k
Figure 21. TMG522E Physical Modifications
TMG522E Cut (2) Add Wire (3) Cut (1) TMG522E Add Wire (3) Cut (1) Cut (2)
87654321
87
654
3
2
1
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
23
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 22. AMAX Chipset Printed Circuit Board
(Top View) Gnd R L FL1 WH4 FL3 C5 + C2 Q2 T1 X1 C4 + T2 Gnd WH9 WH8 VCC + D1 C23 + Q3 WH7 Search WH6 WH5 WH12 + C17 + C18 SS + C20 + C16 WH10 + C31
VT WH11 C14 + FL2
Osc WH3
WH13
L1 WH1 WH2 Gnd Ant Q1 C11 +
C22 +
C35 +
C24
Figure 23. AMAX Chipset Printed Circuit Board
(Bottom View)
R14
C26
C25
C12
R21
C21
R18
C10
R6
C33
R16
R13
C9
C32
R15
IC2
R9
IC1
C29
R12
R20
C19
R5
R26
C34
R17
R19
C30
C28
C27
C1
R10
R7
C8
R3
R1
C13
C7
R2
24
R11
R8
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
C6
R4
C15
C3
R22
MC13027 MC13122
Figure 24. AMAX Chipset Printed Circuit Board
(Copper View)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
25
MC13027 MC13122
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 738-03 ISSUE E -A-
20 11 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. INCHES MIN MAX 1.010 1.070 0.240 0.260 0.150 0.180 0.015 0.022 0.050 BSC 0.050 0.070 0.100 BSC 0.008 0.015 0.110 0.140 0.300 BSC 0_ 15 _ 0.020 0.040 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 25.66 27.17 6.10 6.60 3.81 4.57 0.39 0.55 1.27 BSC 1.27 1.77 2.54 BSC 0.21 0.38 2.80 3.55 7.62 BSC 0_ 15_ 0.51 1.01
B
1 10
C
L
-T-
SEATING PLANE
K M E G F D
20 PL
N J 0.25 (0.010)
M 20 PL
0.25 (0.010) TA
M
M
TB
M
DIM A B C D E F G J K L M N
DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D-04 (SO-20L) ISSUE E -A-
20 11 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.150 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 12.65 12.95 7.40 7.60 2.35 2.65 0.35 0.49 0.50 0.90 1.27 BSC 0.25 0.32 0.10 0.25 0_ 7_ 10.05 10.55 0.25 0.75 INCHES MIN MAX 0.499 0.510 0.292 0.299 0.093 0.104 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.035 0.050 BSC 0.010 0.012 0.004 0.009 0_ 7_ 0.395 0.415 0.010 0.029
-B-
1 10
10X
P 0.010 (0.25)
M
B
M
20X
D
M
0.010 (0.25)
TA
S
B
S
J
F R C -T-
18X SEATING PLANE X 45 _
G
K
M
26
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MC13027 MC13122
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 710-02 ISSUE B
NOTES: 1. POSITIONAL TOLERANCE OF LEADS (D), SHALL BE WITHIN 0.25 (0.010) AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION, IN RELATION TO SEATING PLANE AND EACH OTHER. 2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. DIM A B C D F G H J K L M N MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 36.45 37.21 13.72 14.22 3.94 5.08 0.36 0.56 1.02 1.52 2.54 BSC 1.65 2.16 0.20 0.38 2.92 3.43 15.24 BSC 0_ 15_ 0.51 1.02 INCHES MIN MAX 1.435 1.465 0.540 0.560 0.155 0.200 0.014 0.022 0.040 0.060 0.100 BSC 0.065 0.085 0.008 0.015 0.115 0.135 0.600 BSC 0_ 15_ 0.020 0.040
28
15
B
1 14
A N
C
L
H
G
F D
K
SEATING PLANE
M
J
DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751F-04 (SO-28L) ISSUE E
NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 17.80 18.05 7.60 7.40 2.65 2.35 0.49 0.35 0.90 0.41 1.27 BSC 0.32 0.23 0.29 0.13 8 0 10.05 10.55 0.25 0.75 INCHES MIN MAX 0.701 0.711 0.292 0.299 0.093 0.104 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.035 0.050 BSC 0.009 0.013 0.005 0.011 0 8 0.395 0.415 0.010 0.029
-A28 15 14X
-B1 14
P 0.010 (0.25)
M
B
M
28X D
0.010 (0.25)
M
TA
S
B
S
M R X 45
-T26X
C G K -TSEATING PLANE
F J
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
27
MC13027 MC13122
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JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.; Tatsumi-SPD-JLDC, 6F Seibu-Butsuryu-Center, 3-14-2 Tatsumi Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135, Japan. 03-81-3521-8315 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park, 51 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 852-26629298
28
*MC13027/D*
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13027/D

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